This briefing gives a comparative assessment of initiatives being undertaken in RRF Pillar 4 across a sample of four National Recovery and Resilience Plans (NRRPs) in Ireland, Italy, Poland and Portugal. In each of them, it covers three measures falling into the categories territorial infrastructure, targeting of specific territories, and adult and vocational training. Pillar 4 is covered as a cross-cutting theme that is picked up across a range of components, but there is substantial variation in how each NRRP treats social and territorial cohesion. In all four cases, the NRRP sets out significant reforms and investments and there are spill-overs with other measures. The plans aim to ensure the sustainability of the supported measures via reforms, capacity-building and complementarities and synergies with other instruments, especially Cohesion Policy. Yet, there remain substantial strategic and operational challenges in achieving potential synergies and a risk of duplication and rivalry.Source : © European Union, 2022 - EP