In particular, obsolescence has been a top concern for users. As military system typically have longer lifecycles compared to commercial systems, users often grapple for solutions and replacements when a key component is obsolete. With the presence of various issues, it is also critical for users to consider multiple factors before committing to using COTS in their systems. The same case applies when it comes to selecting a range of COTS components offered in the market. Without proper planning, the potential economic benefits of using COTS may be easily eroded, defeating the rationale of using COTS in the first place. Participants will gain a sound understanding on COTS usage suitability and factors to consider in the selection of COTS components. Specific focus will also be put on obsolescence management, discussing various approaches and frameworks to successfully managing obsolescence of COTS products. Backed by comprehensive military case studies, participants will obtain critical insights and skills for their projects? implementation.